What is Depression?

Feeling down occasionally is normal, but when it becomes persistent and affects your daily life, it could be a sign of depression. Depression is characterized by a prolonged low mood and a loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities. Alongside emotional symptoms, physical changes such as disrupted sleep patterns, changes in appetite, and low energy levels are common. Individuals with depression may also struggle with concentration, decision-making, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. In severe cases, thoughts of death or suicide may occur.

Children and adolescents can also experience depression, but it may present differently than in adults. Depression in children may manifest as prolonged sadness, irritability, or a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. Physical symptoms such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, and low energy levels may also be present. Children with depression may struggle academically, socially, and emotionally, and may express feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

Depression can manifest in various forms, including:

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities, and significant impairment in daily functioning.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A chronic form of depression lasting for two years or more, with milder symptoms compared to MDD but still impactful on daily life.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Depression occurring at specific times of the year, often during fall and winter when daylight hours are shorter.

Postpartum Depression

Depression occurring after childbirth, characterized by mood swings, anxiety, and difficulty bonding with the newborn.

Treatment Options for Depression

For Adults

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a highly effective treatment for depression in adults. This evidence-based approach focuses on identifying and modifying negative thought patterns while promoting engagement in enjoyable and meaningful activities. CBT has been extensively studied and has shown significant efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms and preventing relapse. Therapists work collaboratively with clients to develop coping strategies and skills that empower individuals to manage their symptoms effectively.

For Children

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for children and adolescents dealing with depression. This structured therapy helps young individuals identify negative thought patterns and develop healthier ways of thinking and behaving. Through age-appropriate activities and exercises, CBT teaches coping skills that empower children to manage emotions and navigate challenges effectively. Parental involvement is often integral to the success of therapy, as caregivers learn to support their child’s progress and reinforce positive behaviours at home.

Parents and caregivers play a pivotal role in supporting children with depression. Creating a nurturing and stable environment at home is crucial for promoting emotional well-being. Establishing consistent routines and boundaries provides structure and security, which can help alleviate anxiety and stress. Encouraging open communication and active listening allows children to express their feelings and concerns without judgment. Parent coaching can also be helpful in helping set up an environment and routine to help your child thrive.

The content of this page is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical or psychological advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your mental health provider or physician with any questions that you have regarding mental health concerns. If you think you have an emergency, please call 911 or visit your nearest emergency room.